LISTing Newsletter

SEPTEMBER

LISTing is
Newsletter

Newsletter of the Long Island next Meeting
Sinclair/Timex Users Group Sept .17,199«.

America Online Says It’s Fighting Hacker Problem

By Reuters ra. A spokeswoman for America On- hackers appeared to have obtained
America Online Inc., the largest ` line declined to discuss details in the access to a variety of files, including
on-line service in the nation, said © Teport but said the on-line service ‘the personal files of Stephen M.
yesterday that it was fighting com- WAS Continuing to change its system Case, the president and chief execu-
puter hackers causing problems on Software to combat a hackers pro- tive of America Online. << —
its service, but it would not say 8ram called AOHell . oe teat To sign up for America Online,
Whether its network had been “From time ‘to time; we've en- subscribers must submit ‘a credit-
breached. countered problems as it relates to card number, which can be used for
The San Francisco Chronicle re- AOHell,” a spokeswoman, Pam Mc- on-line purchases of products. The
ported yesterday that hackers had Graw, said when asked to comment article said tt was unclear whether
tampered with America Online’s on the article. “We're not going to 'the hackers could retrieve card in-
business and customer files and cre- provide details.” 'formation.
ated a security breach that could The Chronicle, citing ‘‘sources as- America Online's stock was up
affect the accounts of subscribers. sociated with the company,” said the. $1.125 yesterday, to $71, on Nasdaq. -

|
Lasting Folicy Annaa Dua $16.00

Portions if this publication may be reproduced, without written consent.
Please give credit to LIST when reprinting articles.

LIST disclaims responsbility for any dainage you may do to your computer
as a result of reading any articles in LISTing.

Page 1

ONG
SELANCDC
inc L&ir
IME =

GROUF

EREREKMEKREKRERKREKRHRHREEHRKHHHRRHKEE

L.I.S.T. OFFICERS

PRES. HARVEY RAIT
VICE PRES. BOB GILDER
COR. SECY, JOHN PAZMING

A559 EDITORS FRED STERN
HARVEY RAIT

PUBLISHER BOR GILDER
LIBRARIAN TOM SKAPINSKY
TREGSURER BOD MALLOY

OCP CECE OCCOCCre ese e cee rererrrrr
PLEASE SEND ALL- INQUIRIES AND
SUBMISSIONS CINCLUDING DUES)
TO; L.I.5.T.

HARVEY RAIT

© PERI LANE
VALLEY STREAM,N.Y.11581
KEKE HE REE HR KD

EVENTS: THE NEXT L.I.S.T.

COMING

MEETING WILL BE SUNDAY SEPT.1?7
AT P.M.AT THE HOME OF HARVEY
R

AIT (SEE ADDRESS ABOVE).

AMARA SAMRAMMAARRHRARAHRAARAMRHRAHHAH

Report on the meeting of JUNE
The meeting started prometly at
2 PM with 4 members in

aerendance,General ditcrussion
WAS hele? On varisus t+tociss as
uSuGl in regara ca
PrISs ams .ehein “eages and Pros
wma cans,
Tre N22 ti ng was adjourned art
TOR Dr
z2 ;

+

HARVEY’ S corner

Oh,®y gosh OT words to that
effect. It seems that the last
meeting was just held and that
I would have a lot of time to
type uP the September
newsletter, Not true, Here it is
into the second week OFf Sept,
and I’ve only just begun, Thank
goodness that the meeting has
been rescheduled for the third
Sunday of the month due to some

prior commitments,

Okay you guys and gals out
there ivi cyberspace,] gct a
Problem that I can't seem to
resolve,

My davehrer gava me a MODEM
that she had as excess to her
needs, It’s a ZOOM V.42bis., `

I tried using it ‘and got Poor
results, Both Bobs (Malloy and
Gilder; came over to help.em
even brought over his moden
which was a Vssbis and worked
okay,We were using the G@L52
tergingl emulator program from
Vie Rosenthal, `

We were trying to connect to
Compuserve of which BM is a

Subscriber, His modem worked
mine did not,

The manual although fairly
large did not address the
problen . that the ZOOM
ingicated, I was able to enter
the gial to number usins the
ATOT command and dialed, gat ari
answer s1igmal but could nor
ok a the receipt ana
fomnmsnicarte, Tried 2 Few Gr rhe
speciai commands that the Zoom
manual lišt23,i.2, ATanInipDT
rwhach 25 SUPPOsSeSd to Negotiste
Speed and protocol, pidn’t help,
amy suggestions?

QL. CORNER

I have just received the book, “Counting on QL ABACUS" by J. W. Penfold,
dated February 1986. This is a small size book - those of you who are
familiar with Bernard Babani books published in the UK. The book, stock
#BP162, sells for $2.50 from Electronic Technology Today, Inc., P. 0O.
Box 240, Massapequa Park, NY 11762-0240.. The book size is 7 x 4-3/8
inch. The book provides examples to show the.user how ABACUS can help
you with many calculations for domestic, small business and technical
applications. Also includes is a chapter on the elements of mathematics,
as they apply to spreadsheet use, for those whose numeracy is not all it
might be!

Technology Today has other QL books at a final clearance sale:

BP156 - An Introduction to QL Machine Code, 96 pages .............24- $3.95
BP161 - Into The QL ARCHIVE, 96 PAGCS exis ere Sie 68 bse te ere, of ee ere ere'S eeletc ee $2.95
Shipping for all three books ................- Sis estas ree tere & b's S evoretete 4 cheme $3.75

There have been some additions to the QUANTA disk library since May 1995.
The following list of program disks have new programs and/or updated
Programs within their contents. -The Library Guide, LG 1 has been
updated to include all programs, new and updated as of August 1995..

January 1995:

PS @6 XCHANGE Version 3.901
GR 04 Line Design Graphics

May 1995:

PF 03 Remove QPAGE

PF @5 Updated QPAGE (New Disk)
PS 02 Remove INDEXER 2

PS 02 Remove FAMILY

PS 03 Remove PEDIGREE

PS @5 Add FAMILY +

PS 05 Add Pedigree

SP 3 Updated QL_WORLD_INDEX
SP 12 ASTRO_O (New Disk)

SP 13 ASTRO_B (New Disk )

UD @1 Add INDEXER 2

UG 12 Add PHONLOG

August 1995

LG @1 LIBRARY DISK Updated 08/95

DE 08 SOLVIT-PLUS 2 Demo

GR @3 3D PIE Utility

SP @6 Election 92 Updated Version

UD @1 SUBCOPY Utility

UG 04 Updated by removal of DOCTOR EDITOR Utility
UG 08 Updated NORBACK HARD DISK Utility

UG 10 Updated DOCTOR EDITOR Utility

UG 12 Updated PHONELOG

UG 13 Set of TURBO Compiled Utilities (New Disk)

When ordering QUANTA Library disks, Please include a current address from
the QUANTA publication for verification of membership. You may send me
your own program disks for update or I can supply either 3.25 inch or
5.25 inch diskettes at 50 cents each. Please add approximate postage for
your order.

UD @1 INDEXER 2 is an updated version of the original INDEXER by Tony
Shields. The original program had several menu screens that the user had
to wade through until the main menu came up. INDEXER 2 will accommodate
720K, 1.4M and 3.2 M disks. One nice feature of this program is that you
can obtain a hard copy of the disk contents from your printer.

LIST! Are you LISTening? Chicago Area Timex Users Group, MAR/APR 1995,
page 5 Bob Swoger

In his June issue of QL Corner, Bob Gilder wrote about Ruth Fegley having
“oxidation problems on the interface pins and by pressing the interface
towrds the QL body tends to remove the oxidation". He also said that Bob
Malloy’s four computers with the same symptoms - one or more socketed
IC’s had to be reseated into their respective sockets and the QL’s then
operated as they should. Also, the keyboard 90 interface also had to be
reseated into its respective socket.

Bob then stated “periodically, all plugged-in devices such as interfaces
and IC°’s should be’ partially removed and then pushed back into their
respective sockets for flawless computer operation with out power on".

Bob!, didn’t you get to read NTN Vol. 7, Num 5? It states "If you are
having trouble with IC’s in IC sockets, clean them with tuner cleaner if
you wish. Then put some mineral oil in a saucer and dip the IC pins into
the mineral oil before inserting the IC into the socket. The IC will go
in so much easier!" Earlier in the article it said “Tuner cleaner just
doesn’t do the job because after cleaning, no lubricant is left behind so
corrosion will set in, not so with mineral oil. Oxygen can’t get to the
metal any more so the electrical contact lasts for many years."

Those ICs and connectors should have been installed with high viscosity
mineral oil (Squib comes to mind), a laxative obtained at the corner drug
store and applied with a tooth pick on the connector or by placing the
ICs in a bowl with just a little mineral oil at the bottom as described
in the NTN 7.5 issue. Someone at Motorola cane to realization that if
mineral oil could keep people cleaned out that it might work on
connectors, I don’t know why, but it did!

I’m afraid that Bob Malloy and Ruth Fegley will be back time and time
again until mineral oil is used on those pins and connectors. I give you
this information with 30 years experience at Motorola as we have used
this trick to keep our connectors from going intermittent and there are
no more intermittent connections here in CATUG country anymore! GET OUT
THE MINERAL OIL.

Thanks for the advice. Perhaps some of our readers would like to try this
remedy. As for me, my experience with lubricant for connectors and ICs
does work. However, reparing video projectors and monitors with fans
indicate that there is quite a lot dust and dirt accumulation on the
sockets and connectors as well as some leakage onto pc boards. Our
readers will have to meke up their minds as what remedy is best suited
for themselves. Again, thanks for the advice, Bob!

See you next month... Bob Gilder

SOlvit-Plus>? Review
by Harvey Raoit,Pres, of the Long Isliand Sinelair-Timex

Before J had a chance to write My review as requested by Bot
Dyl, Publisher of T@Q@LR,I read a review of Solvit in the June
95 issue of Quanta ty G.Underwood.] thought that I had blown
By chance tO be of service to the QL community. However Solvit
as complex and entertaining enough to warrent additional
TeView and comment,

First I would like to give kudos to Geoff Wicks for ħi
excellent Program, and secondly tc Mr. Underwood for his
afore-mentioned review, i

W

I tested Solvit on c QL with a basic Trump card expansion aned
& 3 1/2 * HO floppy srive. The program itself was given to me

already unzipped on & disks. An excess of disks was used so I
would not HAVE any Problems with my 720 K drive capacity.

“livit goes NOt Contain slcticnaries in-tne true cense. of tHe
word. A dictionary usually contains definitions and
‘pronounciaticons,and depending on size,parts of speech
(noun, verb, adjective etc.> and even etymolagy (word
gerivation),. Therefore -J] would rather call it a lexicon of
words that are used in a particular language. l

Like most hackers I never read the documentation provided as
a First step, but boot it up and see what it looks like until
I mit a wall,The wall comes up very soon and JI suggest &
Quick read through of the excellent documentation before
going too far,

one of the disks was titled Cynmraeg, and I was puzzled anc
intrigued until I looked it up in my regular dictionary and
found Cymric, pronounced either Kim’ric or Sim*ric,and that it
referred to the Welsh language, Score one poine for the
learning process.

word games are very entertaining, however for the general
class of crossword puz2le use Solvit is of miner
importance, Most . e€rossword Puzzles depend on
Synonyms,definitions and clues (gome Etraightforward and SORE
eryptic),] Plače wmyseir in othe "maven? class of puzzle
Solvers,doing the N.Y.TimesS daily and ‘larger Sunday puzzles
in short order, Solvit would be of little use
here, However, once in a while there ore puzzles such as puns
and anagrams for which Soswit could be of great helf,

A special puzzle appeacr@es tn the 6/19/95 N.V. Times entitled
*Two by Two" for which solvit was right on the money in
Solving if you Knew HOw tO apply it.The puzzle is Shown at
the end of this review, $

SOlvit-Plus 2 is a well worth it GdditiGR.tO-.9nes library of
Programs, It. if easy tO use -ANd . has -@ Bukeituge Of Potential
uses for any word meister,] give ig 2 thumbs up.

(@ONTINUED ON PAGE 6

| Page 5

TWO BY TWO

By GEORGE BREDEHORN

í

Ay 1A

cere
i A D

ORUA

The .sOlutions to the word puzzle indicated above is solved.
Wath the use of Solvit 2 in the following manner;

Using Puzzle grid #8,we work on the word expressed by the
line "@-i-ie-", Selecting the Solvit menu words@arch,we enter

Al the vowels e?i?ie? and the resulting wordsearch comes up with the result
káve been that there is only one word that Fits the answer,That word is
positioned for edified. Therefore the missing letters are ‘d* and "f* This
means happens to be a lucky choice since there was only one word
crisscross gridsa that Fits the answer.Suppose that we had chosen the fourth
Pick TOW across in puzzle 8 instead, We would have then entered
Just two d "?ee7e?* and obtained an answer that there are 46 words
a ect found.By looking over the list of 40 words we can eliminate
often as Those words that have more than two consonents in the
pete eee Farst.fourth,and sixth positions. This Teduces the possibility
Only te only 12 words,HOwever we have already determined that the
common, Only possible solution contains only a "d° or an "Fe or both
aapand, there is only one word that Fits,and tnat is "seeded". By
Naben te enrerans "deeded" and "edified* across on lines 4 and ? every
10, which use thing Falls into place using only ‘d's and sfog,
the same grid, Ot Gli Of the puzzle grids were Guilt? as easy since puzzle
anbi j #3 had i32 words that Ffir into the requirement <2 G9 POPE Even
in two hares though the 132 words were quickly resuced by droppings
different ways. SFP th that had vowels in the unknown

2

F = SuitGaslie list words

23321271305 Jr more tnan two different zonsonents an the
HkKTOwN positions, The 132 words were reduces to only s:
at
3

CUO 7Y

o Aa i
naon, 1Aassos, Mammon. and wallow,
Massing consonants were "en*,"*sl*,*mn*,ang "wl"
By entering into SoSlvit , line three across in puzzle #3 as
e777 a7 +4 words were found. By the elimination referred to

x

aoove.this was reduced to only 3. Possibles:
winnow", "willow", and mirror’, j
Only the combination #1 and w" Fits both word

searches, therefore the two major words across are "Willows
and "wallow, Ali Of the shorter words fall into place after
this entry,

I left puzzle grids #4,5,7,8,and 10 for you to try to solve
yourself, Answers are also provided,but don’t cheat until
after you have tried to solve then,

Page 6

@aqgified

e?i?je? - 1 word found,

beered beeped beeves
deeded deemed deepen
deeper feeder feeler
Feeney d heeded keeper.
meeker Needed peeked
Peeled Peepec Peeper
peered : Peevec Peeves
Peewee . reefer reeked
reexer reeled reeler
reeved reeves - seeded
Seeder seeker Seemed
seeped teepee teeter
veered weeded weeder
weeper

7eev7e? ` 40 words Fonuna,

`

?7a??0? `- 132 words found,

billow bishop citron
dialog diatom dillon
Gibbon gibson Sideon
hilton lipton liquor
Lisbon l litton micron
micros mignon milton
manion minnow Mirror
nimrad nippon Pianos
Pig2on Pillow Pinion
Pistol Piston . ribbon
Signor Siphon tiptoe
victor vinson vision
Wilcox Willow wilson
wid ton window winnow
wisdom zircon

17207 = £6 werd: founz,

rete
OTOM

fa
ERLI IFI IEO

PROGRAMMING TIPS

Conversion tips

—

A guide to ZX81/Spectrum program conversions
from David Nowotnik.

The versions of BASIC offered
by the two ZX computers are
so similar that many programs
for one can be used by the
other. The ZX81 has only two
commands which are not pre-
sent on the Spectrum,
SCROLL and UNPLOT, and
these should cause you few
problems when converting

2X81 programs to the Spec-

trum (see Table 1).

There are quite a lot of com-
mands and functions on the
Spectrum which are not
available on the ZX81. A list of
these appears in Table 4. The

stars indicate those commands.

and functions for which there
is no simple translation to
ZX81 BASIC. Those for colour
and sound can be omm'itted;

but you will have to find some

alternative for the high resolu-
tion and file 1/0 commands.
The command PLOT appears
on both computers, but the ef-
fect is quite different, so
beware! Another tip: PEEK and
POKE should be used with cau-
tion. In conversion, addresses
will almost certainly have to be

changes appear in the tables.
A command such as POKE
USR ‘‘a’’.... on the Spec-
trum indicates User Defined
Graphics; ZX81 users don’t.
have this facility, so you’!
have to omit this and use

standard character instead.

Spectrum

2X81

SCROLL RANDOMISE USR 3582
LET t= USR 3582

PLOT Y,X PRINT AT 21 -Y/2,X/2;

UNPLOT Y,X PRINT AT 21 -Y/2,X/2;

Tabie 1 2X81 to Spectrum conversions.

Spectrum 2X81

BIN

eg LET y=BIN
10010101

LET y = (decimal no.)
Conversion to decimal:
10010101=149

changed. Some of those _

`

Comments

If the program uses random numbers, they

could become rather predictable with the first

option. If so, use the second, using a variable (in this
case t) which is otherwise not used.

Print the appropriate quarter square graphics
character.

Print a space, or the appropriate quarter square
graphics character. ;

Comments

BIN allows the represen-
tation of a number in

binary. On the ZX81 use the
decimal equivalent, but
beware; BIN is often

READ/DATA
eg READ x,y
DATA 50,60

DEF FN and FN
eg DEF a(x) =SQR x
LET t=FN ali)

PLOT

SCREENS
eg LET a=SCREENS x,y

1286432168421
Add these numbers together when
a 1 appears at the appropriate
position in binary.

LET- l

LET X=50
LET Y=60

LET X$ = “SOR X”
LET X=!
LET T= VAL X$

no equivalent

LET A=PEEK(PEEK 16396

used with User Defined
Graphics, which are not
available on the ZX81.

“READ and DATA are `-

used to store a lot of
information in a program. Use
LET instead.

The defined function can
appear in a string. Use

the keyword for built-in
functions (eg SQR). The
equivalent of FN may need 2
lines, as shown.

Used in interactive games

+256*PEEK 16397+1+Y+33°X) to detect characters in the

Table 2 Spectrum to ZX81 conversions.

Page 8

display file. Note — this
formula only works when a
RAM pack is fitted.

ZX COMPUTING OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 1985

2X81 `

1 FRAMES
POKE 16436,255
POKE 16437,255

LET T=(65535 — PEEK
16436 -256°*PEEK 16437)
/50

2 Line number zero

POKE 16510,0

3 RAMTOP

POKE 16388,X - 256*INT
(X/256)

POKE 16389, INT (X/256)

Spectrum

. Cw wees SSUSseesse ww F SS

Comments
Both computers have a counter

POKE 23672,0:POKE 23673,0 which accurately varies by 50

LET t=(PEEK 23672+256*

PEEK 23673)/50
For times greater than 10

minutes, you can use byte
23674 as well.

POKE 23756,0 |

(As the start of BASIC can
move, eg with microdrives)

use with caution.

CLEAR x

Teble 3 General interconversion hints.

every second. In the example,
use the first line to start the
‘clock’. The variable T will
have the time in seconds after
the start. The counter can
only be used for 10 minutes.

Converts the first line of a
program to line number zero.
which cannot be edited, and
so is protected.

Creates a safe area at the

top of RAM starting at address
x, for storing data, machine
code etc.

FORMAT

INK
INVERSE

vue

MERGE
MOVE
OPEN
OUT
PAPER
READ
RESTORE
VERIFY

Rs.. Table 4 Spectrum functions not available on the ZX81.

System Variables Conversion Tabie.

ZXS ii
T/S1000

Variabie

16414
16443
16406
16438
16439
16402
16398
16396
16418
16404
16384
16294
16386
16385
16429
16436

BREG

CDFLAG

CH ADD
COORDS
COORDS (Byte 2)

ZX COMPUTING OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 1985

Spectiuni

TS2068

23655

No Equivalent
23645 |
23677
23678
23629
23684

No Equivalent
23659
23641
23610
23625 .
23613
23611
23665
23672

Page 9

PS
S POSN (Byte 2)
STKBOT

PERSONAL COMPUTERS

Do You Want to Make a Deal,

By STEPHEN MANES

N the left of the Egghead
Software shelf sits a box of
software priced at $209.93.
On the right is a virtually
identical box at $439.83. The $229.90
Gifference? The left-hand box is
prominently labeled “Upgrade.” The
other one might as well be labeled:
“Ridiculously overpriced! For suck-
ers only!” —

The second box is the computer
world’s equivalant of the full-fare

swiwi
airplane seat or the rack-rate hotel
room, with even less reason for exist-
ence. After all, hotel rooms and air-
line seats are transitory. With soft-
. ware, there is always time to crank
out another copy. > '
As with airfares, specials on the
most popular kinds of software are
many and confusing. The best deal is
usually the “version upgrade,”

which gives you a big discount on a
new version of your existing soft-

~ ware. Not quite as good is the “com-

petitive upgrade,” which give you a
discount for switching from one
Product to another. Both types tend
to be immediately after a
product is introduced.
There are even unique offers like
‘one from Novell Inc. If you buy a
copy of the current version of Perfec-
toffice, even at upgrade prices, you
. Will get a free copy of the new ver-
sion for Windows 95 when it is re-
leased toward tie end of the year.
But if you also buy Windows 95 itself
before Oct. 31, Novell will mail you a
$50 rebate. Since Windows 95 is of
course produced by Novell’s arch-
rival, the coupon informs the puz-
zled, “This offer is not spensored by
Microsoft Corporation in any way.”
In a world where a company offers
a sizable discount on a competitor’s
product and many products come

or Pay Full Price?

iree or cheap when you buy a new
computer, paying full price becomes
downright ludicrous. Look again at
the $209.93 box, which happens to
contain the Standard edition of Mi-
erosoft Office 95. Below the *Up-
grade” legend is the warning, This
program searches your system "to
confirm your eligibility for this up-
grade.” On the side panel is a ‘long
list of qualifying products, including
Wordstar 1.0 (dating from 1982) and
Microsoft’s own Works. If you have
an earlier version of Office. vou sre
even eligible for an additional $40
version rebate by mail. <- $-t.

But perhaps you are a new user
without a single program to your
name. No matter. Between the
$209.93 and the $439.83 editions of
Office sits a box that costs just
$49.38. It is the new floppy-disk edi-
tion of Microsoft Works. Stirely you
cannot buy it and use it to qualify for
the cheaper upgrade version of Of-

SSS SS

fice? Indeed you can. According to
Sarah Leary, the Microsoft Office
product manager, “It’s absolutely a
legal thing to do under the terms of
our license agreement.” You do not
even have to install Works; accord-
ing to Ms. Leary, if Office does not
find a qualifying program on your
hard drive, it will ask you to insert a
disk from one. A Lotus 1-2-3 disk
ironi @ garage saie wouid work fine.
Sandra Sellers, the director of liti-
gation for the Software Publishers
Association, took advantage of a
competitive upgrade herself. To save
money on Wordperfect for a new
computer, she said, “I ended up buy-
ing two software packages, one that I
wasn't intending to use, and it was
within the rules.” ; -
There are a few legal issues worth
considering, however. The Software
Publishers Association says version
upgrades should be viewed as im-
provements. In general, you cannot

sell or give away the older ẹdition or
use it on a different machine, and you
should retain purchase documenta-
tion for all editions to`prove they
were acquired within the rules.

Competitive upgrades are differ-
ent. Essentially they do nothing to
keep you from selling or donating the
older program, provided you trans-
fer it, as Ms. Sellers puts it, “part
and parcel,” by eliminating it from
your hard disk and keeping nothing
that came in the box.

A few gray areas remain. If you
Ivy Works to get a dea! on Office,
you can legitimately give away or
sell the whole Works package. But if
you had to reinstall your new pro-
gram after a hard djsk crash, you
would need to retrieve the Works
disk. To do that perfectly legally
might require that the person to
whom you transferred it transfer it
back “part and parcel,” removing
every vestige from its new home.

Fortunately, few upgrade pro-
grams actually check That job is
usually left to the retailer who sells
you the upgrade, who may ask to see
a disk from the product or a page

from the manual. One product that,
does check is Windows 95; if you
somehow managed to avoid all earli-'
er versions and OS/2, it will cost you
about $100 extra.

To make things as confusing as in
the skies, different deals are avail-
able. For example, Office 95 is avail-

‘able in the academic market for:

about $150, with no upgrade required.
But after buying one copy of a prod-
uct, even small businesses can often .
get lower-cost licenses to make extra
copies or run the software over a.
BStWOrk; neither disks nor sianuais
are supplied. There are even bigger
discounts for big quantities.

For all this you can thank competi-
tion. Software makers remain so des-
boae to increase their shares of the

C market that they are still willing
to cut very attractive deals to woo
customers. But this consumer bonan-
za may not last forever. In the world’
of the Apple Macintosh, where com-
petition is less intense, competitive

"upgrades are becoming ‘harder to`

find. As Microsoft tightens its grip on
the desktop, the same thing could
well happen in the PC world.

THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1995

Page 19